kubernetes:gyakorlatok
Ez a dokumentum egy előző változata!
Tartalomjegyzék
Pod
Pod erőforás dokumentáció megjelenítése
# kubectl explain pod
Egyszerű pod létrehozása egy konténerrel parancssorból
# kubectl run nginx-pod --image=registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:latest --restart=Never
Egyszerű pod létrehozása egy konténerrel yaml fájlból
# cat > egyszeru-pod-egy-kontenerrel.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:latest
EOF
Konténer indítása
# kubectl apply -f egyszeru-pod-egy-kontenerrel.yaml pod/nginx-pod created # kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready pod/nginx-pod --timeout=90s pod/nginx-pod condition met
Konténer ellenőrzése
# kubectl get pod/nginx-pod -o yaml
# kubectl describe pod/nginx-pod
Name: nginx-pod
Namespace: default
Priority: 0
Service Account: default
Node: worker01.r-logic.eu/185.207.251.233
Start Time: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 04:33:07 +0200
Labels: run=nginx-pod
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.1.14
IPs:
IP: 10.244.1.14
Containers:
nginx-pod:
Container ID: containerd://406b1f5856e2bfaa9e91d391078458c56e64c2f9d068f9b65dbab4d3c0b44e8b
Image: registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:latest
Image ID: registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx@sha256:d5f28ef21aabddd098f3dbc21fe5b7a7d7a184720bc07da0b6c9b9820e97f25e
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
State: Running
Started: Tue, 16 Sep 2025 04:33:14 +0200
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-f79p9 (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
PodReadyToStartContainers True
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
kube-api-access-f79p9:
Type: Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
TokenExpirationSeconds: 3607
ConfigMapName: kube-root-ca.crt
Optional: false
DownwardAPI: true
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 53s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/nginx-pod to worker01.r-logic.eu
Normal Pulling 52s kubelet Pulling image "registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:latest"
Normal Pulled 46s kubelet Successfully pulled image "registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:latest" in 5.622s (5.622s including waiting). Image size: 72319182 bytes.
Normal Created 46s kubelet Created container: nginx-pod
Normal Started 46s kubelet Started container nginx-pod
Konténer nevének kiolvasása
# kubectl get pod/nginx-pod -o jsonpath='{.spec.containers[*].name}'
Utasítások futtatása a konténerben
# kubectl exec -it pod/nginx-pod -c nginx -- sh
Naplók megtekintése
# kubectl logs pod/nginx-pod # kubectl logs pod/nginx-pod -c nginx
Port tesztelése
# kubectl port-forward pod/nginx-pod 8080:80
Bővített pod definíció
# cat > bovitett-pod-egy-kontenerrel.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod-advanced
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.25
ports:
- containerPort: 80
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "128Mi"
limits:
cpu: "500m"
memory: "256Mi"
env:
- name: NGINX_HOST
value: "rl-hu"
- name: NGINX_PORT
value: "80"
volumeMounts:
- name: nginx-html
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumes:
- name: nginx-html
emptyDir: {}
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/hostname: worker01.r-logic.eu
restartPolicy: Always
EOF
Bővitett tartalom elemei
- labels → címkék, amelyekre később service-ek vagy deploymentek hivatkozhatnak
- ports → a konténeren belüli port meghatározása(TCP/80, HTTP)
- resources → CPU és memória foglalás minimum és maximum értékek
- env → környezeti változók beállítása
- volumeMounts + volumes → átmeneti tároló (emptyDir) csatolása a HTML tartalomnak
- nodeSelector → pod csak a worker01 gépen futhat
- restartPolicy → amennyiben megáll, újraindul
Egyszer használatos pod tesztelésekhez
# kubectl run debug-pod --rm -it --image=registry.r-l.hu/library/busybox:1.36 --restart=Never -- sh
Deployment
Létrehozás
Deployment létrehozása parancssorból
# kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:latest && kubectl wait --for=condition=Available deployment/nginx-deployment --timeout=90s deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created deployment.apps/nginx-deployment condition met
Deployment példányok módosítása
Frissítés és visszaállás
Deployment definíció
cat > nginx-deployment.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
annotations:
kubernetes.io/change-cause: "Initial deploy: nginx 1.25"
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 1
maxUnavailable: 0
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.25
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF
kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
Frissítés 1.26-ra
# kubectl annotate deployment/nginx-deployment kubernetes.io/change-cause="Upgrade to nginx 1.26" --overwrite deployment.apps/nginx-deployment annotated # kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.26 deployment.apps/nginx-deployment image updated # kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx-deployment Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out # kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment deployment.apps/nginx-deployment REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE 1 Upgrade to nginx 1.26 2 Upgrade to nginx 1.26
Frissítés 1.27-re
# kubectl rollout pause deployment/nginx-deployment # kubectl annotate deployment/nginx-deployment kubernetes.io/change-cause="Upgrade to nginx 1.27" --overwrite deployment.apps/nginx-deployment annotated # kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.27 deployment.apps/nginx-deployment image updated # kubectl rollout resume deployment/nginx-deployment # kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx-deployment Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment deployment.apps/nginx-deployment REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE 1 Upgrade to nginx 1.26 2 Upgrade to nginx 1.27 3 Upgrade to nginx 1.27 kubectl get replicasets -o wide NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR nginx-deployment-6585597c84 0 0 0 6m35s nginx registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.26 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=6585597c84 nginx-deployment-6ccb84987c 3 3 3 2m58s nginx registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.27 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=6ccb84987c nginx-deployment-7bdc5996d7 0 0 0 7m27s nginx registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.25 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=7bdc5996d7
Visszaállás korábbi verzióra
# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment deployment.apps/nginx-deployment rolled back # kubectl get replicasets -o wide NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR nginx-deployment-6585597c84 3 3 3 12m nginx registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.26 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=6585597c84 nginx-deployment-6ccb84987c 0 1 1 8m33s nginx registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.27 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=6ccb84987c nginx-deployment-7bdc5996d7 0 0 0 13m nginx registry.r-l.hu/library/nginx:1.25 app=nginx,pod-template-hash=7bdc5996d7
Java/SpringBoot alkalmazás kubernetesbe költöztetése
Alkalmazás elkészítése
# mkdir -p minimal-spring-k8s/src/main/java/com/example/demo
# cat > minimal-spring-k8s/src/main/java/com/example/demo/DemoApplication.java <<'EOF'
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
EOF
# cat > minimal-spring-k8s/src/main/java/com/example/demo/HomeController.java <<'EOF'
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
@Controller
public class HomeController {
@Value("${SITE_TITLE:Alkalmazás}")
private String siteTitle;
@Value("${SITE_MESSAGE:Hello Kubernetes!}")
private String siteMessage;
@GetMapping("/")
public String index(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("title", siteTitle);
model.addAttribute("message", siteMessage);
return "index"; // templates/index.html
}
}
EOF
# mkdir -p minimal-spring-k8s/src/main/resources/templates
# cat > minimal-spring-k8s/src/main/resources/templates/index.html <<'EOF'
<!doctype html>
<html lang="hu">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title th:text="${title}">Alkalmazás</title>
<style>
body { font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'Noto Sans', 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';
margin: 0; padding: 2rem; background: #0f172a; color: #e2e8f0; }
.card { max-width: 680px; margin: 10vh auto; background: #111827; border-radius: 16px; padding: 2rem; box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); }
h1 { margin: 0 0 1rem; font-size: 2rem; }
p { margin: 0 0 1rem; font-size: 1.125rem; }
small { opacity: .7; }
code { background: #0b1020; padding: .25rem .4rem; border-radius: .4rem; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<main class="card">
<h1 th:text="${title}">Alkalmazás</h1>
<p th:text="${message}">Hello Kubernetes!</p>
<small>Forrás: <code>ConfigMap → env → @Value → Thymeleaf
</small> </main> </body> </html> EOF
# cat > minimal-spring-k8s/src/main/resources/application.properties «'EOF' # Spring Boot alapbeállítások server.port=${PORT:8080} server.shutdown=graceful
# Actuator health végpont a kubernetes ellenőrzéshez management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=health,info management.endpoint.health.probes.enabled=true EOF
# cat > minimal-spring-k8s/pom.xml «'EOF' <project xmlns=„http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0” xmlns:xsi=„http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xsi:schemaLocation=„http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd”>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>minimal-spring-k8s</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>minimal-spring-k8s</name> <description>Minimal Spring Boot app for Kubernetes with ConfigMap</description>
<properties> <java.version>21</java.version> <spring-boot.version>3.3.4</spring-boot.version> </properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<release>21</release>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project> EOF </code>
Alkalmazás fordítása a teszteléshez
# cd minimal-spring-k8s # mvn clean package [INFO] Scanning for projects... ... [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 4.565 s [INFO] Finished at: 2025-09-17T07:09:50+02:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Elkészült a minimal-spring-k8s/target/minimal-spring-k8s-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar alkalmazás.
Konténer image készítése
Első megoldás: mindig friss alkalmazás készítése:
# cd minimal-spring-k8s # cat > Dockerfile <<'EOF' # Alkalmazás fordítása FROM maven:3.9.8-eclipse-temurin-21-alpine AS build WORKDIR /app COPY pom.xml . RUN mvn -q -e -B -DskipTests dependency:go-offline COPY src ./src RUN mvn -q -e -B -DskipTests package # Konténer image készítés FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre-alpine WORKDIR /app # Spring Boot alkalmazás másolása COPY --from=build /app/target/minimal-spring-k8s-*.jar app.jar # A Spring Boot a PORT env változót ismeri ENV PORT=8080 EXPOSE 8080 # JVM opciók konténeres környezethez ENV JAVA_OPTS="-XX:+UseContainerSupport -XX:MaxRAMPercentage=75" ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar app.jar"] EOF
Másik megoldás: a már meglévő build használata
# cat > Dockerfile <<'EOF' # Konténer image készítése FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre-alpine WORKDIR /app # Spring Boot alkalmazás másolása COPY target/minimal-spring-k8s-*.jar app.jar # A Spring Boot a PORT env változót ismeri ENV PORT=8080 EXPOSE 8080 # JVM opciók konténeres környezethez ENV JAVA_OPTS="-XX:+UseContainerSupport -XX:MaxRAMPercentage=75" ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar app.jar"] EOF
Konténer image készítése
# podman build -t minimal-spring-k8s:0.0.1 . STEP 1/7: FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre-alpine STEP 2/7: WORKDIR /app --> 45811f6fd665 STEP 3/7: COPY target/minimal-spring-k8s-*.jar app.jar --> 9d027583908b STEP 4/7: ENV PORT=8080 --> d8b7374f93ea STEP 5/7: EXPOSE 8080 --> 5468f35be894 STEP 6/7: ENV JAVA_OPTS="-XX:+UseContainerSupport -XX:MaxRAMPercentage=75" --> bec2bb2e08e7 STEP 7/7: ENTRYPOINT ["sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -jar app.jar"] COMMIT minimal-spring-k8s:0.0.1 --> f0d688f68506 Successfully tagged localhost/minimal-spring-k8s:0.0.1 f0d688f685065441108f94b6460d7ca3917c7f444d2a07a9993ac7f561a4f4e3
Image előkészítése és a registry-be töltése
# podman image tag localhost/minimal-spring-k8s:0.0.1 registry.r-l.hu/minimal-spring-k8s:0.0.1 # podman push registry.r-l.hu/minimal-spring-k8s:0.0.1 Getting image source signatures Copying blob cba3fb5670d7 done | Copying blob a6af48261b3d done | Copying blob 27d41fb27db9 done | Copying blob 4ac76939e813 done | Copying blob df603300ccbc done | Copying blob a5048fc1ae11 done | Copying config f0d688f685 done | Writing manifest to image destination
Kubernetes configmap, deployment, service definíciók elkészítése
# mkdir k8s
# cat >k8s/configmap.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: minimal-spring-config
labels:
app: minimal-spring-k8s
data:
SITE_TITLE: "Kubernetesből jövő cím"
SITE_MESSAGE: "Ez az üzenet ConfigMap-ból érkezik."
EOF
# cat > k8s/deployment.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: minimal-spring-k8s
labels:
app: minimal-spring-k8s
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: minimal-spring-k8s
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 0
maxSurge: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: minimal-spring-k8s
spec:
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
containers:
- name: app
image: registry.r-l.hu/minimal-spring-k8s:0.0.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 8080
envFrom:
- configMapRef:
name: minimal-spring-config
startupProbe:
httpGet:
path: /actuator/health/liveness
port: 8080
failureThreshold: 30
periodSeconds: 2
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /actuator/health/readiness
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 2
failureThreshold: 3
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /actuator/health/liveness
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 20
timeoutSeconds: 2
failureThreshold: 3
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "128Mi"
limits:
memory: "512Mi"
EOF
# cat > k8s/service.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: minimal-spring-k8s
labels:
app: minimal-spring-k8s
spec:
type: NodePort
selector:
app: minimal-spring-k8s
ports:
- name: http
nodePort: 30001
port: 80
targetPort: 8080
EOF
Kubernetes műveletek
# kubectl get all NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 43h # kubectl apply -f k8s/configmap.yaml configmap/minimal-spring-config created # kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yaml deployment.apps/minimal-spring-k8s created # kubectl apply -f k8s/service.yaml service/minimal-spring-k8s created # kubectl get all,cm NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/minimal-spring-k8s-6d956c4c9f-n6rb2 1/1 Running 0 4m33s pod/minimal-spring-k8s-6d956c4c9f-vj8tc 1/1 Running 0 4m33s NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 43h service/minimal-spring-k8s NodePort 10.106.11.23 <none> 80:30001/TCP 4m25s NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE deployment.apps/minimal-spring-k8s 2/2 2 2 4m33s NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE replicaset.apps/minimal-spring-k8s-6d956c4c9f 2 2 2 4m33s NAME DATA AGE configmap/kube-root-ca.crt 1 43h configmap/minimal-spring-config 2 4m40s
kubernetes/gyakorlatok.1758088046.txt.gz · Utolsó módosítás: szerkesztette: riba.zoltan